Grundämnenas atomära egenskaper
Utseende
Detta är en lista över grundämnen med olika atomära mått.
Den relativa atommassan är angiven i atommassenheter (u), medan alla andra värden är angivna i pikometer (pm).
- i.u. = ingen uppgift
Z | T | Grundämne | Relativ atommassa | Atomradie | van der Waalsradie | Kovalent radie | Metallisk | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Empirisk | Beräknad | Enkelbindning | Trippelbindning | ||||||
1 | H | Väte | 1,008 (1,00784–1,00811) | 25 | 53 | 120 | 38 | i.u. | |
2 | He | Helium | 4,002602(2) | i.u. | 31 | 140 | 32 | i.u. | |
3 | Li | Litium | 6,94 (6,938–6,997) | 145 | 167 | 182 | 134 | i.u. | 152 |
4 | Be | Beryllium | 9,0121831(5) | 105 | 112 | 153[1] | 90 | 85 | 112 |
5 | B | Bor | 10,81 (10,806–10,821) | 85 | 87 | 192[1] | 82 | 73 | |
6 | C | Kol | 12,011 (12,0096–12,0116) | 70 | 67 | 170 | 77 | 60 | |
7 | N | Kväve | 14,0067 (14,00643–14,00728) | 65 | 56 | 155 | 75 | 54 | |
8 | O | Syre | 15,999 (15,99903–15,99977) | 60 | 48 | 152 | 73 | 53 | |
9 | F | Fluor | 18,998403163(6) | 50 | 42 | 147 | 71 | 53 | |
10 | Ne | Neon | 20,1797(6) | i.u. | 38 | 154 | 69 | i.u. | |
11 | Na | Natrium | 22,98976928(2) | 180 | 190 | 227 | 154 | i.u. | 186 |
12 | Mg | Magnesium | 24,305 (24,304–24,307) | 150 | 145 | 173 | 130 | 127 | 160 |
13 | Al | Aluminium | 26,9815385(7) | 125 | 118 | 184[1] | 118 | 111 | 143 |
14 | Si | Kisel | 28,085 (28,084–28,086) | 110 | 111 | 210 | 111 | 102 | |
15 | P | Fosfor | 30,973761998(5) | 100 | 98 | 180 | 106 | 94 | |
16 | S | Svavel | 32,06 (32,059–32,076) | 100 | 88 | 180 | 102 | 95 | |
17 | Cl | Klor | 35,45 (35,446–35,457) | 100 | 79 | 175 | 99 | 93 | |
18 | Ar | Argon | 39,948(1) | 71 | 71 | 188 | 97 | 96 | |
19 | K | Kalium | 39,0983(1) | 220 | 243 | 275 | 196 | i.u. | 227 |
20 | Ca | Kalcium | 40,078(4) | 180 | 194 | 231[1] | 174 | 133 | 197 |
21 | Sc | Skandium | 44,955908(5) | 160 | 184 | 211[1] | 144 | 114 | 162[a] |
22 | Ti | Titan | 47,867(1) | 140 | 176 | i.u. | 136 | 108 | 147 |
23 | V | Vanadin | 50,9415(1) | 135 | 171 | i.u. | 125 | 106 | 134[a] |
24 | Cr | Krom | 51,9961(6) | 140 | 166 | i.u. | 127 | 103 | 128[a] |
25 | Mn | Mangan | 54,938044(3) | 140 | 161 | i.u. | 139 | 103 | 127[a] |
26 | Fe | Järn | 55,845(2) | 140 | 156 | i.u. | 125 | 102 | 126[a] |
27 | Co | Kobolt | 58,933194(4) | 135 | 152 | i.u. | 126 | 96 | 125[a] |
28 | Ni | Nickel | 58,6934(4) | 135 | 149 | 163 | 121 | 101 | 124[a] |
29 | Cu | Koppar | 63,546(3) | 135 | 145 | 140 | 138 | 120 | 128[a] |
30 | Zn | Zink | 65,38(2) | 135 | 142 | 139 | 131 | i.u. | 134[a] |
31 | Ga | Gallium | 69,723(1) | 130 | 136 | 187 | 126 | 121 | 135[b] |
32 | Ge | Germanium | 72,630(8) | 125 | 125 | 211[1] | 122 | 114 | |
33 | As | Arsenik | 74,921595(6) | 115 | 114 | 185 | 119 | 106 | |
34 | Se | Selen | 78,971(8) | 115 | 103 | 190 | 116 | 107 | |
35 | Br | Brom | 79,904 (79,901–79,907) | 115 | 94 | 185 | 114 | 110 | |
36 | Kr | Krypton | 83,798(2) | i.u. | 88 | 202 | 110 | 108 | |
37 | Rb | Rubidium | 85,4678(3) | 235 | 265 | 303[1] | 211 | i.u. | 248 |
38 | Sr | Strontium | 87,62(1) | 200 | 219 | 249[1] | 192 | 139 | 215 |
39 | Y | Yttrium | 88,90584(2) | 180 | 212 | i.u. | 162 | 124 | 180[a] |
40 | Zr | Zirkonium | 91,224(2) | 155 | 206 | i.u. | 148 | 121 | 160 |
41 | Nb | Niob | 92,90637(2) | 145 | 198 | i.u. | 137 | 116 | 146[a] |
42 | Mo | Molybden | 95,95(1) | 145 | 190 | i.u. | 145 | 113 | 139[a] |
43 | Tc | Teknetium | [98,9063] | 135 | 183 | i.u. | 156 | 110 | 136[a] |
44 | Ru | Rutenium | 101,07(2) | 130 | 178 | i.u. | 126 | 103 | 134[a] |
45 | Rh | Rodium | 102,90550(2) | 135 | 173 | i.u. | 135 | 106 | 134[a] |
46 | Pd | Palladium | 106,42(1) | 140 | 169 | 163 | 131 | 112 | 137[a] |
47 | Ag | Silver | 107,8682(2) | 160 | 165 | 172 | 153 | 137 | 144[a] |
48 | Cd | Kadmium | 112,414(4) | 155 | 161 | 158 | 148 | i.u. | 151[a] |
49 | In | Indium | 114,818(1) | 155 | 156 | 193 | 144 | 146 | 167 |
50 | Sn | Tenn | 118,710(7) | 145 | 145 | 217 | 141 | 132 | |
51 | Sb | Antimon | 121,760(1) | 145 | 133 | 206[1] | 138 | 127 | |
52 | Te | Tellur | 127,60(3) | 140 | 123 | 206 | 135 | 121 | |
53 | I | Jod | 126,90447(3) | 140 | 115 | 198 | 133 | 125 | |
54 | Xe | Xenon | 131,293(6) | i.u. | 108 | 216 | 130 | 122 | |
55 | Cs | Cesium | 132,90545196(6) | 260 | 298 | 343[1] | 225 | i.u. | 265 |
56 | Ba | Barium | 137,327(7) | 215 | 253 | 268[1] | 198 | 149 | 222 |
57 | La | Lantan | 138,90547(7) | 195 | i.u. | i.u. | 169 | 139 | 187[a] |
58 | Ce | Cerium | 140,116(1) | 185 | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 131 | 181,8[b] |
59 | Pr | Praseodym | 140,90766(2) | 185 | 247 | i.u. | i.u. | 128 | 182,4[b] |
60 | Nd | Neodym | 144,242(3) | 185 | 206 | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 181,4[b] |
61 | Pm | Prometium | [146,9151] | 185 | 205 | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 183,4[b] |
62 | Sm | Samarium | 150,36(2) | 185 | 238 | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 180,4[b] |
63 | Eu | Europium | 151,964(1) | 185 | 231 | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 180,4[b] |
64 | Gd | Gadolinium | 157,25(3) | 180 | 233 | i.u. | i.u. | 132 | 180,4[b] |
65 | Tb | Terbium | 158,92535(2) | 175 | 225 | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 177,3[b] |
66 | Dy | Dysprosium | 162,500(1) | 175 | 228 | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 178,1[b] |
67 | Ho | Holmium | 164,93033(2) | 175 | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 176,2[b] |
68 | Er | Erbium | 167,259(3) | 175 | 226 | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 176,1[b] |
69 | Tm | Tulium | 168,93422(2) | 175 | 222 | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 175,9[b] |
70 | Yb | Ytterbium | 173,045(10) | 175 | 222 | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 176[b] |
71 | Lu | Lutetium | 174,9668(1) | 175 | 217 | i.u. | 160 | 131 | 173,8[b] |
72 | Hf | Hafnium | 178,49(2) | 155 | 208 | i.u. | 150 | 122 | 159 |
73 | Ta | Tantal | 180,94788(2) | 145 | 200 | i.u. | 138 | 119 | 146[a] |
74 | W | Volfram | 183,84(1) | 135 | 193 | i.u. | 146 | 115 | 139[a] |
75 | Re | Rhenium | 186,207(1) | 135 | 188 | i.u. | 159 | 110 | 137[a] |
76 | Os | Osmium | 190,23(3) | 130 | 185 | i.u. | 128 | 109 | 135[a] |
77 | Ir | Iridium | 192,217(3) | 135 | 180 | i.u. | 137 | 107 | 135,5[a] |
78 | Pt | Platina | 195,084(9) | 135 | 177 | 175 | 128 | 110 | 138,5[a] |
79 | Au | Guld | 196,966569(5) | 135 | 174 | 166 | 144 | 123 | 144[a] |
80 | Hg | Kvicksilver | 200,592(3) | 150 | 171 | 155 | 149 | i.u. | 151[a] |
81 | Tl | Tallium | 204,38 (204,382–204,385) | 190 | 156 | 196 | 148 | 150 | 170 |
82 | Pb | Bly | 207,2(1) | 180 | 154 | 202 | 147 | 137 | |
83 | Bi | Vismut | 208,98040(1) | 160 | 143 | 207[1] | 146 | 135 | |
84 | Po | Polonium | [209,98] | 190 | 135 | 197[1] | i.u. | 129 | |
85 | At | Astat | [209,9871] | i.u. | i.u. | 202[1] | i.u. | 138 | |
86 | Rn | Radon | [222] | i.u. | 120 | 220[1] | 145 | 133 | |
87 | Fr | Francium | [223,0197] | i.u. | i.u. | 348[1] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. |
88 | Ra | Radium | [226,0254] | 215 | i.u. | 283[1] | i.u. | 159 | i.u. |
89 | Ac | Aktinium | [227,0278] | 195 | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 140 | |
90 | Th | Torium | 232,0377(4) | 180 | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 136 | 179[a] |
91 | Pa | Protaktinium | 231,03588(2) | 180 | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 129 | 163[c] |
92 | U | Uran | 238,02891(3) | 175 | i.u. | 186 | i.u. | 118 | 156[d] |
93 | Np | Neptunium | [237,0482] | 175 | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 116 | 155[d] |
94 | Pu | Plutonium | [244,0642] | 175 | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 159[d] |
95 | Am | Americium | [243,061375] | 175 | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 173[a] |
96 | Cm | Curium | [247,0703] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 174[a] |
97 | Bk | Berkelium | [247] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 170[a] |
98 | Cf | Californium | [251] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 186 ± 2 [a] |
99 | Es | Einsteinium | [252] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 186 ± 2 [a] |
100 | Fm | Fermium | [257,0951] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. |
101 | Md | Mendelevium | [258] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. |
102 | No | Nobelium | [259] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. |
103 | Lr | Lawrencium | [266] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. |
104 | Rf | Rutherfordium | [261,1087] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 131 | i.u. |
105 | Db | Dubnium | [262,1138] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 126 | i.u. |
106 | Sg | Seaborgium | [263,1182] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 121 | i.u. |
107 | Bh | Bohrium | [262,1229] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 119 | i.u. |
108 | Hs | Hassium | [269,1341] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 118 | i.u. |
109 | Mt | Meitnerium | [268] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 113 | i.u. |
110 | Ds | Darmstadtium | [281] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 112 | i.u. |
111 | Rg | Röntgenium | [280] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 118 | i.u. |
112 | Cn | Copernicium | [277] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | 130 | i.u. |
113 | Nh | Nihonium | [287?] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. |
114 | Fl | Flerovium | [289] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. |
115 | Mc | Moskovium | [288?] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. |
116 | Lv | Livermorium | [293?] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. |
117 | Ts | Tenness | [292] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. |
118 | Og | Oganesson | [294] | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. | i.u. |
Kommentarer
[redigera | redigera wikitext]Källor
[redigera | redigera wikitext]- Relativ atommassa
- CIAAW, Standard Atomic Weights Revised 2013
- IUPAC, Standard Atomic Weights Revised 2013
- Michael E. Wieser, Tyler B. Coplen (2010). "Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry: sid. 1. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14.
Alla nedanstående källor är återciterade i http://www.webelements.com/
- Atomradie (empirisk)
- J.C. Slater (1964). ”Atomic Radii in Crystals”. J. Chem. Phys. 41: sid. 3199. doi: . Bibcode: 1964JChPh..41.3199S.
- Atomradie (beräknad)
- E. Clementi; D.L.Raimondi,, W.P. Reinhardt (1967). ”Atomic Screening Constants from SCF Functions. II. Atoms with 37 to 86 Electrons”. J. Chem. Phys. 47: sid. 1300. doi: . Bibcode: 1967JChPh..47.1300C.
- van der Waalsradie
- A. Bondi (1964). ”van der Waals Volumes and Radii”. J. Phys. Chem. 68: sid. 441. doi: .
- M. Mantina; A.C. Chamberlin; R. Valero; C.J. Cramer; D.G. Truhlar (2009). ”Consistent van der Waals Radii for the Whole Main Group”. J. Phys. Chem. A 113 (19): sid. 5806–12. doi: . PMID 19382751.
- Kovalent radie (enkelbindning)
Mer aktuell data finns i artikeln ”Kovalent radie”. Ovanstående värden är baserade på:
- R.T. Sanderson (1962). Chemical Periodicity. New York, USA: Reinhold
- L.E. Sutton (ed.) (1965). ”Supplement 1956–1959, Special publication No. 18”. Table of interatomic distances and configuration in molecules and ions. London, UK: Chemical Society
- J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter (1993). Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity (4th). New York, USA: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-042995-X
- W.W. Porterfield (1984). Inorganic chemistry, a unified approach. Reading Massachusetts, USA: Addison Wesley Publishing Co. ISBN 0-201-05660-7
- A.M. James and M.P. Lord (1992). Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data. MacMillan. ISBN 0-333-51167-0
- Kovalent radie (trippelbindning)
- S. Riedel; P.Pyykkö, M. Patzschke; Patzschke, M (2005). ”Triple-Bond Covalent Radii”. Chem. Eur. J. 11 (12): sid. 3511–3520. doi: . PMID 15832398. Mean-square deviation 3pm.
- Triple-Bond Covalent Radii Table online