Kommunalism

Ej att förväxla med kommunism.

Kommunalism är ett decentraliserat organisatoriskt system med grund i självständiga mindre samhällen, vanligen direktdemokratiskt styrda kommuner^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]., ibland med kommunism även om det inte är fullt kompatibelt eftersom kommunalism inte är ett ekonomiskt system utan organisatoriskt.

Mycket av anarkismen bygger på kommunalism,^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] även de tidiga socialisterna de s.k. utopisterna grundande sina samhällsreformer i kommunalistiska strukturer. Viktiga tänkare med kommunalistisk samhällsorganisation är bland annat: Charles Fourier, Robert Owen, Josiah Warren, Pjotr Kropotkin, Gustav Landauer och Murray Bookchin. I Bookchins kommunalistiska version och vision betonas nödvändigheten och önskvärdheten av direktdemokratiska kommuner i konfederalistisk samverkan.

I Sverige

Kommunalismen har i Sverige bland annat tagit formen av partiet Frihetliga kommunalfolket som sedan 1950 och fram till tidigt 2000-tal ställt upp i kommunval runtom i landet. Partiet nådde på 1950- och 1960-talen vissa framgångar i framförallt Dalarna, Värmland och en del Norrlandslän, men har sedan kommunalvalen 2010 tappat alla sina kommunala mandat.

Se även

Referenser

^ Revolutionens förkämpar. XI. Gustav Landauer - Revolutionens filosof, Souchy, Augustin, Axel Holmströms förlag, Falköping 1920: Landauer, var, som av det sagda ingen kommunist. Envar har rätt att arbeta för sitt eget förbruk. I små samhällen, i små kommuner och socknar skulle människornas förena sig och producera allt tillsammans, men ändock var för sig.
^ Revolutionens förkämpar. XI. Gustav Landauer - Revolutionens filosof, Souchy, Augustin, Axel Holmströms förlag, Falköping 1920: Krapotkin förkunnar en så utpräglad anarkistisk och federalistisk socialism att det av hans verk framgår som en självklar sak, att kommunerna sins emellan skola byta produkter. Och därför kallar Landauer honom icke kommunist, utan, med en mera exakt beteckning: kommunalist.
^ Kropotkin Pjotr, THE CONQUEST OF BREAD, CHAPTER XVI The Decentralization of Industry (1906) If fields are to be properly cultivated, and are to yield the abundant harvests man has the right to expect, it is essential that workshops, foundries, and factories develop within the reach of the fields.
^ Kropotkin Pjotr, THE CONQUEST OF BREAD, CHAPTER III, ANARCHIST COMMUNISM (1906) To-day, when groups scattered far and wide wish to organize themselves for some object or other, they no longer elect an international parliament of Jacks-of-all-trades. No, where it is not possible to meet directly or come to an agreement by correspondence, delegates versed in the question at issue are sent to treat, with the instructions: "Endeavour to come to an agreement on such or such a question and then return not with a law in your pocket, but with a proposition of agreement which we may or may not accept."
^ Kenneth Rexroth, Communalism From Its Origins to the Twentieth CenturyThis is what all the schools and tendencies of the libertarian and communal tradition have in common, a primary emphasis on man as a member of an organic community, a biota, in creative, non-exploitative relationship with his fellows and his environment. The communist-anarchists Élisée Reclus and Peter Kropotkin were both geographers and, if anyone was, they were also the founders of the science of ecology.
^ Murray Bookchin, Ecology and Revolutionary Thought (1964) There is more to anarchism than decentralized communities. If I have examined these possibilities in some detail, it has been to demonstrate than an anarchist society, far from being a remote ideal, has become a precondition for the practice of ecological principles.
^ Kenneth Rexroth, Communalism From Its Origins to the Twentieth CenturyPeople who believe in libertarian communism can be grouped roughly under three general theories, each with its old masters, theoreticians, leaders, organizations, and literature. First there are the anarchists in a rather limited variety: communist-anarchists, mutualists, anarcho-syndicalists, individual anarchists, and a few minor groups and combinations. Second, the members of intentional communities, usually but by no means always religious in inspiration. The words “communalism” and “communalist” seem to have died out and it would be good to appropriate them to this group, although the by now too confusing word “communist” actually fits them best of all.
^ Woodcock, George Anarkismen, Omstörtande nihilism eller fredlig idealism?(1993), sid 373 om Josiah Warren: På detta sätt hoppades han fostra sina kunder till idén om ett på arbete grundat utbyte och vinna anhängare som var villiga att medverka till hans planer att grunda en kedja av mutualistiska byar.
^ Woodcock, George Anarkismen, Omstörtande nihilism eller fredlig idealism?(1993), sid 116 om Pierre Joseph Proudhon: Enskilda människor borde igångsätta processen genom att sammansluta sig till kommuner och förbund.

Externa länkar

[1] Revolutionens förkämpar. XI. Gustav Landauer - Revolutionens filosof, Souchy, Augustin, Axel Holmströms förlag, Falköping 1920: Landauer, var, som av det sagda ingen kommunist. Envar har rätt att arbeta för sitt eget förbruk. I små samhällen, i små kommuner och socknar skulle människornas förena sig och producera allt tillsammans, men ändock var för sig.

[2] Revolutionens förkämpar. XI. Gustav Landauer - Revolutionens filosof, Souchy, Augustin, Axel Holmströms förlag, Falköping 1920: Krapotkin förkunnar en så utpräglad anarkistisk och federalistisk socialism att det av hans verk framgår som en självklar sak, att kommunerna sins emellan skola byta produkter. Och därför kallar Landauer honom icke kommunist, utan, med en mera exakt beteckning: kommunalist.

[3] Kropotkin Pjotr, THE CONQUEST OF BREAD, CHAPTER XVI The Decentralization of Industry (1906) If fields are to be properly cultivated, and are to yield the abundant harvests man has the right to expect, it is essential that workshops, foundries, and factories develop within the reach of the fields.

[4] Kropotkin Pjotr, THE CONQUEST OF BREAD, CHAPTER III, ANARCHIST COMMUNISM (1906) To-day, when groups scattered far and wide wish to organize themselves for some object or other, they no longer elect an international parliament of Jacks-of-all-trades. No, where it is not possible to meet directly or come to an agreement by correspondence, delegates versed in the question at issue are sent to treat, with the instructions: "Endeavour to come to an agreement on such or such a question and then return not with a law in your pocket, but with a proposition of agreement which we may or may not accept."

[5] Kenneth Rexroth, Communalism From Its Origins to the Twentieth CenturyThis is what all the schools and tendencies of the libertarian and communal tradition have in common, a primary emphasis on man as a member of an organic community, a biota, in creative, non-exploitative relationship with his fellows and his environment. The communist-anarchists Élisée Reclus and Peter Kropotkin were both geographers and, if anyone was, they were also the founders of the science of ecology.

[6] Murray Bookchin, Ecology and Revolutionary Thought (1964) There is more to anarchism than decentralized communities. If I have examined these possibilities in some detail, it has been to demonstrate than an anarchist society, far from being a remote ideal, has become a precondition for the practice of ecological principles.

[7] Kenneth Rexroth, Communalism From Its Origins to the Twentieth CenturyPeople who believe in libertarian communism can be grouped roughly under three general theories, each with its old masters, theoreticians, leaders, organizations, and literature. First there are the anarchists in a rather limited variety: communist-anarchists, mutualists, anarcho-syndicalists, individual anarchists, and a few minor groups and combinations. Second, the members of intentional communities, usually but by no means always religious in inspiration. The words “communalism” and “communalist” seem to have died out and it would be good to appropriate them to this group, although the by now too confusing word “communist” actually fits them best of all.

[8] Woodcock, George Anarkismen, Omstörtande nihilism eller fredlig idealism?(1993), sid 373 om Josiah Warren: På detta sätt hoppades han fostra sina kunder till idén om ett på arbete grundat utbyte och vinna anhängare som var villiga att medverka till hans planer att grunda en kedja av mutualistiska byar.

[9] Woodcock, George Anarkismen, Omstörtande nihilism eller fredlig idealism?(1993), sid 116 om Pierre Joseph Proudhon: Enskilda människor borde igångsätta processen genom att sammansluta sig till kommuner och förbund.

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